Overview
Sinusitis, also called a sinus infection, is swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. It often follows a cold and usually gets better on its own, although symptoms can be uncomfortable for a couple of weeks.
How common is it?
Sinusitis is common after a cold or flu. Many cases improve within 2 to 4 weeks, but some last longer or keep coming back.
Causes and risk factors
Viruses cause most sinus infections, though some are bacterial. Allergies, smoking, nasal polyps, and problems that affect the immune system can increase the risk.
Common risk factors
- A recent cold or flu
- Seasonal allergies
- Smoking or secondhand smoke exposure
- Nasal polyps or other structural nose problems
- A weakened immune system
Symptoms
- A blocked or runny nose
- Pain, pressure, or tenderness around the cheeks, eyes, or forehead
- Thick yellow or green mucus
- A reduced sense of smell
- Headache, toothache, or bad breath
- Cough or mucus dripping down the throat
When to see a doctor
Seek medical advice if symptoms are very severe, are getting worse after starting to improve, last more than 10 days without improving, keep coming back, or you are very unwell or immunocompromised. Get urgent help if there is swelling around the eyes, trouble seeing, a severe headache, confusion, or severe facial pain.
Diagnosis
A clinician usually diagnoses sinusitis from the symptoms and an examination of the nose and face. Scans or specialist tests are usually only needed if symptoms are severe, prolonged, or unusual.
Treatments
Pain relief and symptom control
Rest, fluids, paracetamol or ibuprofen if suitable, and a warm compress over the face may help with discomfort and pressure.
Saline rinses or nasal sprays
Saline sprays or rinses may help clear thick mucus. If you use a sinus rinse device, use sterile, distilled, or previously boiled and cooled water.
Antibiotics only when a clinician thinks they are needed
Many sinus infections get better without antibiotics. A clinician may advise watchful waiting, delayed prescribing, or treatment if symptoms strongly suggest bacterial infection or complications.
Self-care and lifestyle
- Rest and drink plenty of fluids
- Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke
- Use saline rinses only with sterile, distilled, or boiled then cooled water
- Ask a pharmacist if you are unsure which over-the-counter medicines are suitable for you or your child
Prevention
Washing hands, managing allergies, avoiding smoke exposure, and staying up to date with recommended vaccines such as flu can help reduce some sinus infections.
Sources and review
Last reviewed: 28 July 2026 by Living Diabetes Editorial Team. This guide was checked against current patient and professional guidance. It is educational and does not replace care from your own healthcare team.