Overview
Pink eye, also called conjunctivitis, is inflammation of the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. It can be caused by a virus, bacteria, or an allergy. Many cases get better on their own.
How common is it?
Conjunctivitis is very common in both adults and children.
Causes and risk factors
Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis spread easily through hands, shared towels, and eye secretions. Allergic conjunctivitis is triggered by things such as pollen or dust.
Common risk factors
- Close contact with someone who has conjunctivitis
- A recent cold or sore throat
- Contact lens use
- Hay fever or other allergies
- Touching the eyes with unwashed hands
Symptoms
- A red or pink eye
- Watery or sticky discharge
- Crusting of the eyelids, especially after sleep
- A gritty or burning feeling
- Itching, especially if allergy is the cause
- Swollen eyelids
When to see a doctor
Get urgent medical advice if you have eye pain, sensitivity to light, changes in vision, very red eyes, or a baby under 30 days old with red or sticky eyes. See a clinician promptly if you wear contact lenses and develop a red eye.
Diagnosis
Conjunctivitis is usually diagnosed from symptoms and examination. Swabs are only sometimes needed for newborns, severe cases, or symptoms that are not improving.
Treatments
Self-care and hygiene
Clean away discharge with cotton wool and cooled boiled water, wash your hands often, and avoid sharing towels or pillowcases.
Antibiotic drops for selected cases
Most mild cases do not need antibiotics. A pharmacist or clinician may suggest drops if bacterial infection is suspected and symptoms are troublesome or not improving.
Allergy treatment
Cold compresses and allergy medicines can help when itching and watering are driven by hay fever or another allergy.
Self-care and lifestyle
- Stop wearing contact lenses until the eye is completely better
- Do not share eye makeup, towels, or washcloths
- Wash hands after touching the face or putting in eye drops
- Use a fresh cotton pad for each eye when cleaning discharge
Prevention
Hand hygiene and not sharing towels, makeup, or contact-lens equipment reduce the spread of conjunctivitis.
Sources and review
Last reviewed: 13 July 2026 by Living Diabetes Editorial Team. This guide was checked against current patient and professional guidance. It is educational and does not replace care from your own healthcare team.